I have come to the conclusion that the notion of “objective journalism” is an oxymoron (like military solution). Therefore, I am not even going to attempt to keep politics out of a review discussing a film dealing with an issue as emotive and divisive as the Middle East, so before I address the content of Steven Spielberg’s Munich directly, I think it best if I lay my cards on the table as to where I stand on the Israeli/Palestinian conflict. Please bear with me, as what I have to say does have a great deal of bearing on my perspective on this difficult but brilliant film.
Let me dispel a few myths for those among you who get your information from the BBC or The Guardian. First, Israel has never belonged to the Palestinians, neither has there ever been an autonomous nation called Palestine. The whole notion that Israel stole their land is an historical fabrication. The origins of the name “Palestine” go back to 132AD when the Emperor Hadrian attacked Jerusalem. He so hated Israel that he had the name Judea wiped off the map and renamed it Palestine (after Israel’s ancient enemies the Philistines) to aggravate the Jews.
Second, the reality is the Palestinians do have a land. In 1947 when the UN created Trans-Jordan, four fifths of the land was given to the Jordanians, and one fifth was given to Israel (which once again came into existence after almost two thousand years of occupation by various other empires and nations). Ninety percent of Jordanians are Palestinian, speak the same language; they have the same religion, huge amounts of land, and are swimming in oil, so this made perfect sense. However, the Palestinians rejected this offer of a two state solution and immediately declared war on Israel. The Israelis won and later won again when they defended themselves against Palestinian aggression during the Six Day War in 1967.
Since then, the Israeli’s have been quite happy to allow Palestinian settlers in their lands, only to have their olive branches continually met with guns. The ludicrous campaign for a Palestinian state within Israel is akin to Muslim settlers in Great Britain demanding that Wales become an Islamic republic. In spite of this, Israel has given land, but to date has had no peace.
Today, there is no reason the Palestinians couldn’t live happily, wealthily and peacefully in Jordan. However, because they make such great poster-children for suffering the Jordanian and Palestinian authorities have not allowed this. Instead, they greatly persecute their own people so the West thinks they are poor refugees. Furthermore, they are highly corrupt. Let me give just three examples.
First, when Yasser Arafat died, his death was kept a secret from the world at large for several days. Why? It’s well known that millions of dollars in relief for his people that he had obtained over the years went straight into his pockets. Therefore, once he died, his close associates promptly tore his home apart looking for the money before they could announce his death.
Second, if you look at the Palestinian media, they quite literally brainwash their children into believing it is noble to become a suicide bomber, killing as many Jews and Christians as possible. I for one am seething with anger by the way this repugnant ideology keep getting reclassified as “freedom fighting” by the left-wing elite of the British press.
Thirdly, a website I frequent recently conducted a poll asking for Palestinians to say if they favoured a two state solution to the crisis. Several responded with details of alleged Israeli atrocities, but not one would actually say they recognised the right of Israel to exist. However, eventually, a very brave Palestinian Christian wrote in and said the reason no Palestinian will say Israel has a right to exist is that they fear reprisals. It is not unknown for Palestinians who convert to Christianity or acknowledge the State of Israel to be dragged into the streets and publicly disembowelled. That’s something you won’t ever hear about on the BBC or in The Guardian, but its well documented by other sections of the press and people like Canon Andrew White, the Archbishop of Canterbury’s envoy in the Middle East, whom I have spoken to on a number of occasions.
It’s this persecution of the Palestinians by their own leaders that for me is at the heart of the issue. Having been to Israel, I have seen firsthand how most Palestinians get on perfectly well with the Jews, and simply want to live their lives in peace. However, they are constantly let down by corrupt, immoral, fanatical religious and political leaders who are themselves supporters and puppets of terrorist organisations. It is they who are ultimately responsible for the mess the Palestinians are in.
It’s worth noting at this point that I do not support or agree with everything the government of Israel do either. They have made some very stupid decisions, particularly in some of their tit for tat retaliations when reacting to terrorism. However, just because they make mistakes doesn’t mean they don’t have a right to exist as a sovereign nation. That’s like saying the USA should not exist because they went to war with Iraq. Furthermore, for all their mistakes, they are not the ones deliberately targeting civilians and blowing them up. One can question the morality of whether they should carry out their targeted reprisals against known terrorists, but I for one abhor the hypocrisy of the West when they condemn such action, knowing full well they have carried out similar reprisals for the likes of 9/11 by invading Iraq and Afghanistan.
Of course, there is an even greater issue here, and that is the spiritual side of the conflict. The Bible is clear that this cannot and will not be resolved by human means. We do not fight against flesh and blood, but spiritual forces, and right now the spiritual battle over the Middle East, particularly with Hamas winning the Palestinian election and Iran’s attempt to obtain nuclear weapons, has reached a new level of intensity. Christians are commanded by the Bible to pray for the peace of Jerusalem, and they need to do so now with greater fervour than ever.
Having got that off my chest, I will now turn my attention to Munich (this is a film review website after all), and hopefully the context of my previous writing will become clear. Its interesting how this film has been attacked by almost every side. Right-wing Zionists say the film amounts to “appeasement” by giving the Palestinians a “moral equivalency” and showing their objectives as being the same as Israel’s; namely to have their own home. Similarly, George Jonas, the author who wrote Vengeance, the book on which the film is based, is apparently dissatisfied with the picture, claming it paints the terrorists actions as “neutral”. On the other hand, Palestinians have denounced the film as Zionist propaganda and a distortion of history, particularly as it omits a key historical event which I will make reference to later. These criticisms of it being too pro-Israeli were recently reiterated on the BBC’s Newsnight Review by their usual snobby guests (any film slated on Newsnight Review automatically goes to the top of my “must see” list).
In Hollywood, it’s been virtually ignored by audiences and awards ceremonies, and has received decidedly mixed reviews. Due to its controversial subject matter, I doubt very much it will pick up any Oscars which is a crying shame as it is a far more deserving best picture winner than, say, Brokeback Mountain. On the other hand, Steven Spielberg has nothing to prove to critics or audiences and nothing to lose by making this film; unquestionably his bravest, darkest, most despairing and provocative to date.
The opening scenes show a quick summary of the terrible events that unfolded at the 1972 Munich Olympics. After being helped into the Olympic village by other competitors, a group of Palestinian terrorists called Black September captured the Israeli athletes and held them hostage. As the police tried to negotiate their release, events eerily began to resemble the Holocaust in miniature, with teams from other nations continuing to train and ignoring what was taking place only a few feet away (for a more in depth look at these events, I highly recommend checking out Kevin MacDonald’s superb Oscar winning documentary One Day in September).
Ultimately, the German security forces bungled a rescue and all the hostages were killed. This led to Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir initiating operation “Wrath of God”, revenge killings of which the precise details of which are not known as the files are still classified top secret by Mossad. However, an assassin claiming to have worked for Mossad told George Jonas his story, which formed the basis of his book Vengeance. As I mentioned earlier, it’s this story on which the film Munich is based.
Therefore, to accuse Spielberg of being historically inaccurate is unfair for two reasons. First, because Munich claims to be “inspired by real events” as opposed to “based on a true story”. Second, because as I said before, objectivity on this issue is virtually impossible and there is no way to get all sides to agree this is the correct version of history. It is to Spielberg’s great credit that he has tried to be even handed in a manner not seen in political thrillers since The Battle of Algiers, but nevertheless this is a story that first and foremost has Israel’s interests at heart, and is all the better for it.
The film’s main narrative centres around Israeli agent Avner (Eric Bana) who has to leave his family to go undercover and assassinate Palestinian targets whom it is alleged had a hand in planning Munich. Assisting him in this deadly mission are go-between Ephraim (Geoffrey Rush), and four team-mates; Robert (Mathieu Kassovitz), a bomb expert, Hans (Hanns Zischler), a forger, Steve (Daniel Craig), a trigger man and Carl (Ciaran Hands) who destroys the evidence afterwards. They travel under false names and passports, and discover the whereabouts of many of their targets through a shadowy Frenchman named Louis (Mathieu Amalric).
As the story unfolds, Avner eventually meets Louis “Papa” (Michael Lonsdale – the baddie from Moonraker), who has been selling information for years. He fought in the French resistance but is now disillusioned, and it becomes apparent that he could easily sell the team out.
Much of the excitement of the film comes from the suspenseful mechanics of the assassinations. Plastic bombs are planted and booby traps are baited which lead to many memorable scenes, for instance one involving a phone and a little Palestinian girl. There is even some witty gallows humour to be enjoyed amid the bloody carnage.
All the performances are outstanding, but I must single out Eric Bana for special praise. His gradual journey from patriotism to despair is one of the most emotionally devastating I have seen in some time. Once again Spielberg’s preoccupation with family disintegration is given a new and monumentally upsetting twist, and Bana pulls it off brilliantly. Elsewhere, each of Avner’s team have interesting and different character arcs as their missions begin to take their toll, and they all lend terrific support (especially Ciaran Hands).
Steven Spielberg yet again proves he is the most versatile and brilliant director in the world. Munich has the look and feel of the great thrillers of the 1970s (such as The French Connection and The Conversation) but its urgent political agenda makes the movie unique in its own right. Spielberg’s usual team are all present and correct; the muted colours of Janusz Kaminski’s cinematography brilliantly capture the action, Production Designer Rick Carter gives the film a tremendously authentic look, Michael Kahn’s editing is as skilful and pacy as ever (despite the 160 minute running time), and John Williams’ pulsing tense music compliments the drama perfectly.
In depicting eye-for-an-eye justice, Spielberg never allows you to forget the atrocities of Munich, but at the same time suggests the perpetrators should have been brought to trial instead of assassinated. Such criticism of Mossad’s Wrath of God operation is in my view entirely justified. Leaving aside the issue of whether they could prove the targets were guilty, trying to kill with bombs is an immensely tricky business as innocents frequently end up caught in the blast. Furthermore, the inevitable moral and spiritual consequences of such assassinations are distressingly depicted, particularly in one moment of personal revenge that will without a doubt go down as the harshest, coldest sequence ever seen in a Steven Spielberg film. Ultimately, this is a story about the futility of human vengeance, and the final bone-chilling shot underscores this point with a powerful visual reminder of where such actions can ultimately lead.
Yet, for all this, Munich is in no way pro-appeasement or anti-Israeli. If Spielberg had really wanted to make a case against Israel, he would have included the incident where Mossad accidentally killed an innocent waiter in Norway they had mistaken for the mastermind behind the Munich terrorism. This brought international embarrassment to the Israeli government at the time, and subsequently operation Wrath of God was shut down. However as I have already mentioned, this film is “inspired by real events”, not a “based on a true story”.
Although Munich is emphatically about people not political parties, it’s impossible not to think of characters as symbolic of their entire race. For example, one superb but highly improbable scene where Avner meets his opposite number in the PLO has been strongly criticised by right-wing Zionists as giving “moral equivalency” to the Palestinian cause, as though theirs and Israel’s quest to find a peaceful homeland are two sides of the same coin. As I pointed out earlier, Israel has never belonged to Palestinians, so at first glance such criticism appears justified. However, taken in light of the way the Palestinian people are treated by their own leaders in their refusal to re-settle in Jordan (as I expounded on earlier) this longing for a home becomes an understandable point of view. They are simply looking in the wrong place.
It’s only fair to warn you that this is an unremittingly dark, violent and bloody film, with some bad language, sex scenes and nudity. All of these elements are, in my view, completely justified. For example, towards the end, Avner making love to his wife is intercut with a flashback to the Munich massacre; an audacious, astoundingly cold yet stunningly powerful sequence designed to underscore how Anver’s actions have cost him his soul. This may prove too much for some constitutions. However, if like me you prefer films of this nature at full strength, with no compromises or easy answers but plenty of food for thought, such aesthetic concerns will not be an issue.
In final analysis, Munich is a compelling and utterly unforgettable prayer for peace that I recommend in the strongest possible terms. I urge you to find a cinema and go and see it as soon as possible, because given how misunderstood this film has been by all sides, I do not think it will be on for long. A crying shame, but I applaud Steven Spielberg for his bravery in making his best film since Schindler’s List.
Simon Dillon, January 2006.